For
anyone who has considered a weight loss program, there
is certainly no shortage of choices. In fact, to qualify
for insurance coverage of weight loss surgery, many insurers
require patients to have a history of medically supervised
weight loss efforts.
Most non-surgical weight loss programs are based on some
combination of diet/behavior modification and regular exercise.
Unfortunately, even the most effective interventions have
proven to be effective for only a small percentage of patients.
It is estimated that less than 5% of individuals who participate
in non-surgical weight loss programs will lose a significant
amount of weight and maintain that loss for a long period
of time.
According to the National Institutes of Health, more than
90% of all people in these programs regain their weight within
one year. Sustained weight loss for patients who are morbidly
obese is even harder to achieve. Serious health risks have
been identified for people who move from diet to diet, subjecting
their bodies to a severe and continuing cycle of weight loss
and gain known as "yo-yo dieting."
The fact remains that morbid obesity is a complex, multifactorial
chronic disease.
For many patients, the
risk of death from not having the surgery is greater than
the risks from the possible complications of having the
procedure.
That
is the key reason that in 2000, approximately 40,000 weight loss
surgical procedures were performed and why the American Society
for Bariatric Surgery estimates that 50,000 weight loss surgical
procedures will be performed in 2001. Patients who have had the
procedure and are benefiting from its results report improvements
in their quality of life, social interactions, psychological well-being,
employment opportunities and economic condition.
In clinical studies, candidates for the procedure who had multiple
obesity-related health conditions questioned whether they could
safely have the surgery. These studies show that selection of
surgical candidates is based on very strict criteria and surgery
is an option for the majority of patients.
There are literally hundreds of diets available. Moving
from diet to diet in a cycle of weight gain and loss - yo-yo dieting
- that stresses the heart, kidneys and other organs can also be a
health risk.
Doctors who prescribe and supervise diets for their patients usually
create a customized program with the goal of greatly restricting
calorie intake while maintaining nutrition.
These diets fall into two basic categories:
Low Calorie Diets (LCDs) are individually planned so that
the patient takes in 500 to 1,000 fewer calories a day than
he or she burns.
Very Low Calorie Diets (VLCDs) typically limit caloric intake
to 400 to 800 a day and feature high-protein, low-fat liquids.
Many patients on Very Low Calorie Diets lose significant amounts
of weight. However, after returning to a normal diet, most regain
the lost weight in under a year. Ninety percent of people participating
in all diet programs will regain the weight they've lost within
two years.
Behavior
modification uses therapy to help patients change their eating
and exercise habits. Like low-calorie diets, behavior modification,
in most patients, results in short-term success that tends to diminish
after the first year.
If diet and behavior modifications have failed you and surgery
is your next option, it is important to understand that diet and
behavior modification will be instrumental to sustained weight
loss after your surgery. The surgery itself is only a tool to get
your body started losing weight - complying with diet and behavior
modifications required by most surgeons would determine your ultimate
success.
Starting an exercise program can be especially intimidating
for someone suffering from morbid obesity. Your health condition
may make any level of physical exertion next to impossible. The benefits
of exercise are clear, however. And there are ways to get started.
A National Institutes of Health survey of 13 studies concludes
that physical activity:
results in modest weight loss in overweight and obese individuals.
increases cardiovascular fitness, even when there is no weight
loss.
can help maintain weight loss.
New
theories focusing on the body's set point (the weight range in
which your body is programmed to weigh and will fight to maintain
that weight) highlight the importance of exercise. When you reduce
the number of calories you take in, the body simply reacts by slowing
metabolism to burn fewer calories. Daily physical activity can
help speed up your metabolism, effectively bringing your set point
down to a lower natural weight. So when following a diet to attempt
to lose weight, exercise increases your chances of long-term success.
Examples to get you started:
Park at the far end of parking lots and walk.
Take the stairs instead of the elevator.
Cut down on television.
Swim or participate in low-impact water aerobics.
Ride an exercise bike.
Overall, walking is one of the best forms of exercise. Start out
slowly and build up. Your doctor, or people in a support group,
can offer encouragement and advice. Incorporating exercise into
your daily activities will improve your overall health and is important
for any long-term weight management program, including weight loss
surgery. Diet and exercise play a key role in successful weight
loss after surgery.
New
over-the-counter and prescription weight loss medications have been
introduced. Some people have found them effective in helping to curb
their appetite. The results of most studies show that patients on
drug therapy lose around 10 percent of their excess weight and that
the weight loss plateaus after six to eight months. As patients stop
taking the medication, weight gain usually occurs.
Weight loss drugs can have serious side effects. Still, medications
are an important step in the morbid obesity treatment process. Before
insurance companies will reimburse/pay for weight loss surgery, you
must follow a well-documented treatment path.
"Since many people cannot lose much weight no matter how
hard they try, and promptly regain whatever they do lose, the vast
amount of money spent on diet clubs, special foods and over-the-counter
remedies, estimated to be on the order of $30 billion to $50 billion
yearly, is wasted." (New England Journal of Medicine)